血急舫鈭∟唾羲憟批镼踵交憯怠虫∴梁擐祆頧蝘颯亙噸啁瞍霈踵祥雓亦蝛
砍378撟89亦潛踹噸摰⊥啣蝴嚗Battle of Adrianople嚗嚗舐擐砍頠鈭踵祥脖憭扯暺[1]梁擐祉撣血急荔Valens嚗冽迨敶嫣葉銝刻閬瘝剝鈭∴梁擐砍圈券蝎暸喲爸撟寡銝銋鈭頠摰擃蝟颱漲其閬皛[2]游芣頠鈭瘚拙恬雿踹撌渡曉凳隞賡瑕仿脩戌蝛綽銝西憭折亙噸甇西Ｗ典孵圈有擉敺血急舫鈭∠甈蝛箸嚗啣砍379撟1餈芸尼憭镼蹂銝嚗Theodosius I嚗鋡急冽渡箏尼斗舫踝啣砍380撟1124亙嗆迤撘脣仿賢憯怠虫∴蝯澆砍382撟渡偷蝵脯亙噸蝝嚗梁擐祆撱瑞甇瑚銝湔扔嗉甈蝯頠鈭擃嗉抵摰霅敶Ｘ頧[2]祉蝛嗅瘛勗亙甇支菔甈頧蝘餅嗚亙噸啁瞍霈嚗隞亙餈芸尼憭镼踹雿典游頂扳憭銝剝冽踵祥頠鈭雓仿箇甈
甈蝛箄踵祥澆嚗踹噸摰⊥敺寥閫
踹噸摰⊥啣蝴撘潛嚗餈港唬葉瘚瑚踵祥撟唾﹛[2]函血急舫鈭∪豢嚗梁擐砍蝻箔蝯曹銝剖亢桃頂蝯梧孵Ｗ箸潸芾澈拍∪鈭芰嗡啁亦氬銝餉Ｗ隞銵其犖押詨銝餃撐嗆風脣曉粹摨阡舐銴鈭靽[2]
| Ｗ | 隞銵其犖 | 詨蝡渲踵祥閮湔 | 頠鈭踵祥敺 |
| 梁擐祉摰斤摰瘣 | 輻暹鈭繚憭蝐喳側∠嚗Albia Dominica嚗 | 蝬剜血急舀撱瑁輸瘣曉喟絞嚗冽蝛箸隞亦頨怠蝺交蝞⊿質瓷[4] | 摨怎鞈脤券踵隡舫菜亙噸嚗敺刻羲憟批镼踵亦恣典撠潸正鈭甇蝯勗鋡恍蝺[3] |
| 镼輻擐祆撱 | 潭摰嚗Gratian嚗 擙嚗Bauto嚗 輻曉舐對Arbogast嚗 |
蝬剜血急撠澆瘜扯梯正函帘摰嚗雿镼輸典Ｚ刻菜眾脩憯嚗⊥湔亙潛恣梢刻[2] | ∪撖衣其蜓蝢拍伐頝刻憳砍閬芣餈芸尼憭镼選銝行晷瘜剖鋆撠拇梢典像鈭[2] |
| 梁擐祈輻摰瘣 | 撠文拍荔Julius嚗 桃怠荔Promotus嚗 |
撠亙噸鈭箸望璆萇垢菜嚗銝餃撐∪脫扳游畾萎誑脫迫梢函隞質撠鈭蝝唬折函潛鈭 | 撠文拍臬冽梢函隞賜撠亙噸蝐憯怠菔鈭箄釭蝟餌絞批畾綽瘨文扳憸券迎雿瘛曹蝔格撠蝡 |
| 亙噸銝餅瘣 | 撘對Fritigern嚗 踵荔Alatheus嚗 拇格賂Saphrax嚗 |
閬瘙典憓抒脣交啗憌蝟找嚗靽刻賜蝜甇西嚗蝯蝢擐砍喟絞輻 | 啗銝憟芸毀曉凳嚗雿冽餃瘙憭望敺嚗蝯鋡怨翰亙梁擐祆撱琿脰瑟隢扎 |
| 亙噸閬芰擐/鋆瘣 | 恍瑟荔Modares嚗 輯拍嚗Athanaric嚗 |
恍瑟臭蜓撘菔亦擐祈擃蝟鳴輯拍隞銵典亙噸喟絞鞎湔嚗敺券刻賢折洛憭望敺撠瘙蝢擐砍霅瑯 | 恍瑟舀箄羲憟批镼輻閬撠嚗輯拍隤鋡怨羲憟批镼輯箸扔瑁情敺菜蝢拍憭鈭文押 |
| 擐賣撣瘞Ｗ | 敺瑁怨脤陌荔Demophilus嚗 蝝朣摰潮擃抬Gregory of Nazianzus嚗 |
敺瑁怨脤陌臭誨銵其蜓撠梢冽撱瑞輸瘣橘潮擃抵撣憭摰嗥嗅典撠潸正鈭靽∠敺抵[2] | 摰鋆撘曹擐賢嚗餈芸尼憭镼踹望嗆潮擃抬撠摰蝯曹雿粹憛甈詨撌亙[1] |
擐賣蝛箄輻暹鈭繚憭蝐喳側∠皜∠絞瘝
函血急舫鈭∟唾羲憟批镼輻餃箔餈撟湔蝛箸嚗砍378撟8379撟1嚗嚗梁擐祆撱瑚隞交芸喳餌西圾嚗血急舐輻暹鈭繚憭蝐喳側∴Albia Dominica嚗潭桐萇皜∟蝛拙雿[4]踹噸摰⊥敺嚗貊亙噸頠湧澆憯怠虫∴梢冽撱瑟迨銝衣∪嗡瘜瑟抒憟批斗舫賭蜓憭批[6]
Ｗ勗嚗憭蝐喳側∠隞擃銵輯瑟嚗琿憯怠虫∠摰嗅摨恬脰鈭箇潭曄孵亥芷瘣亥票嚗銝衣交鞈鞈踵隡荔拇璉殷擉菜亙[4]函蝯蝜鞎⊥踵舀踵隡舐頠撘瑟菜銝嚗蝻箔鋆亙噸券典憯怠虫∪銝駁蛛踹鈭擐質賢亥餅銋[6]畾萇梁函銝餅皜⊥嚗箄正蝢擐祉撣潭摰湧訾蒂隞餃質羲憟批镼輻剖鈭喲閬[2]
甇瑕脖嚗憭蝐喳側∠嗉扛雿拍寧撠潛荔Petronius嚗曉函血急臬喃嚗砍364365撟湛隞餉眼擃摰嚗Patricius嚗嚗畾瑕噩蝔瘝嗉瓷Ｚ蝔梧單曉潭桃蝘桃荔Procopius嚗鈭嚗嗆拙券踹噸摰⊥啣蝴憭撟游喳歇Ｖ[4]嗉砌犖嗆撱瑁其嗆臬摰輸瘣橘Arianism嚗舀嚗瑕僑舀擐賡輸瘣曆蜓敺瑁怨脤陌荔Demophilus嚗嚗銝血嗅側镼蹂甇蝯望晷[3]∠摰方Ｗ摮剁銝寥Ｗ典望銝剔雁鈭憯怠虫∠鞎⊥輯銵輸頧嚗虫寥Ｗ園輸瘣曄渲蝯望祥啣蔣嚗銋箄羲憟批镼輸典游甈銝剖敹Ｗ蝵桃踵祥隤脤[2]
撠文拍舐菔梢典
甇文嚗梁擐祇摰撠鈭蝝唬頠鈭蝮賜撠文拍荔Julius嚗撅曆蝢擐祈寧菔撠文拍舀霅堆甇文靘扳蝝撣冽梢典瘙銝剔亙噸蝐銵撟港犖鞈迎典仿踹噸摰∪之瑕璆萄航質ㄐ憭箔敺孵瑕鈭蝝唬瞍霈唳啣渡憸券迎撠文拍舐潸絲鈭銝渡移敹蝑脫批畾綽撠梢典瘙抒亙噸蝐憯怠菔鈭箄釭隤敺銝剛瘙箝甇瑕脣飛摰園輻掖踹芣純琿收曉拙芣荔Ammianus Marcellinus嚗雿镼踹荔Zosimus嚗嗅甇支銵畾瑟扯銝嚗雿桅隤箸迨摰Ｚ銝蝛拙雿鈭撠鈭蝝唬梢券脩嚗箸撱琿蝯剖鈭撖嗉眼
典亙噸鈭箸寥ｇ嗆啗撅Ｖ潛鈭瘛勗餌隞亙寧粹寧暹鈭綽Tervingi嚗嗆扳鈭蝢擐祇唬蜓嚗雿蝢擐砍瘙箇蝻箔鋆撘梢嚗雿踹嗥⊥餃踹噸摰⊥憯怠虫～亙噸航典喳毀曉凳撱鋡斤颲脫啣脰憟迎銝血函抵曹蝟折望銝剝瞍詨鋆箔瘣曄頂嚗箸亙餈芸尼憭镼輻憭鈭文蝑交靘鈭雿蝛粹[2]
舐曄掖憪冽渲甈交踵祥
砍378撟渡嚗镼輻擐祉撣潭摰Ｚ刻璆萄嗅游頂踵祥頠鈭[2]嗆撟游銋甇脩潭摰嚗嗅刻正典敺鈭撠踹澆側鈭綽Alamanni嚗抬雿嗅匱撘血怨撠澆鈭銝嚗Valentinian II嚗撠刻銴嚗镼輸冽撱瑟寞祉∪湔交折憭抒梢函隞質撠撌渡曉凳瘚拙[2]典甇瑕脖嚗曹雿撣撠∟蝺靽撠箏望祥憟批斗舫踝銝閰脣銋嗆曇◤撱瑁瘙綽舀扔箇閬踵祥港
餈芸尼憭镼輻撏韏瑕鈭蝢擐祆踵祥頠鈭蝎曇梁∪[2]嗥嗉餈芸尼憭镼選Theodosius the Elder嚗暹舐血急撠澆銝銝暻曆喳撠嚗餃典砍376撟游撱瑟晷蝟駁啗血急舐撣敹鋡怠斗捏[2]餈芸尼憭镼輸典閫琿梢潸正剔摰園 Cauca[2]嗉嚗踹噸摰∠賡雿踹蝎暸喳瘨畾∴瑟函株賢銝箄澈擃鞎渡餈芸尼憭镼選箸潭摰撱瑞箸訾憭舫豢撠鞊～甇文嚗嗆瘞頠銝剖誨箸唾銝閮嚗摰蝔梁匱輻血急航嗅敹隞亙摮瘥THEOD哨銝蝷暹敹瘞鈭血潭摰瘙箇Ｙ鈭敺桀冽郭拍暹
砍379撟119伐潭摰冽舐曄掖憪嚗Sirmium嚗甇撘摰雿撠餈芸尼憭镼輻箸梁擐砍尼斗舫[2]箔蝣箔餈芸尼憭镼踹瑕頞喳頠鈭甈隞亙亙噸鈭綽潭摰∪鈭撣貉銵輸蝯嚗撠祇詨惇潸正函恣頧隡拚摨怠憭扯踹嚗Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum嚗甇貉羲憟批镼踵[2]銝嗉圾瘙箔唳格蝯曹憿嚗餅楛餅寡鈭梯正蝢擐砍銵輸[2]
交蝝怨敺嚗餈芸尼憭镼蹂蒂芾窒嗅敺擐賢憯怠虫∴臬頠鈭憭扳祉閮剖券餈啣蝺憛拇撠澆∴Thessalonica嚗Ｗ菜曹蝯憓嚗餈芸尼憭镼踹祕賭銝蝟餃璆萄嗅渲銝瑞剛降抒撱箄輻[2]隞撣敺瘜撘瑕嗅唬蜓靘颲脫頠嚗撠勗輸菔隞仿蝵堆銝西摰芣隞仿踹萄蝴隞撘瑕嗆敶嫘嚗望潭砍萇鞈芯銝銝蝻箔閮蝺湛餈芸尼憭镼踹之貊憭瘝喳餅剖蛛砍亙噸鈭箝輯凋犖鈭綽撖阡券
嗉嚗舐梁菔餅剖菜毽蝯頠典砍380撟渡鈭斗唬葉銵函曉芣嗥寧暹亙噸鈭箸啗扳楛仿收園撣拇嚗餈芸尼憭镼輻啗冽啣港餈西圾嚗閮勗餅剖萇喳交菟嚗餈芸尼憭镼踵砌犖鋡怨翰日嚗銝血典拇撠澆∟澈[2]啣甈⊿瑕亙勗嚗蝯餈思蝙镼輻擐祉撣潭摰摨血僕嚗瘣暸瘜剖鋆撠擙嚗Bauto嚗輻曉舐對Arbogast嚗镼輸函移唾脣亙毀曉凳嚗撠亙噸Ｗ啣嗅脤瑟臬控[2]
亙噸啁Ｘ霈憭鈭斗啁亥
亙噸啁典砍378382撟湧嚗蝬甇瑚敺券Ｘ蔑啜啗詻嚗蝯韏啣擃嗅憒亙瞍霈脩[2]典砍380撟渡甇瑁鈭急敺嚗餈芸尼憭镼踵啗霅堆冽梁擐砌犖鞎⊥輯皞舐垠曉祕銝嚗喟絞蝢擐砍敺孵瘨皛⊥隞園餅啁亙歇⊥撖衣[2]甇歹隞啁交詨敺蝝蝎寧甇血嚗頧摰踵祥銵冽嗅漲舐
餈芸尼憭镼踵扔箏澆拍典亙噸鈭箏折函瘣曄頂整亙噸鞎湔恍瑟荔Modares嚗蝢擐砍嚗鋡怨羲憟批镼踵鈭撠瑕砍379撟湧嚗恍瑟舐銝舐擐祇券澆蝎曄Ⅱ蝒镼莎頞脤瑟臬亙噸鈭粹脣擛銋憭抒游嗥堆靽脫詨頛憭扯憭折鈭箄釭游隞嗉璅⊥嚗雿鋡急梁擐祆撱瑕恐單典之撟隤憭改粹踹噸摰⊥敺擐舐擐祈敹憯急除踵祥蝚西
典鈭方踵祥銵冽寥ｇ餈芸尼憭镼踹曉箸扔擃踵祥雓乓砍381撟1嚗亙噸喟絞瘣暸鋡輯拍嚗Athanaric嚗券刻賢折洛銝剛◤撘寞晷蝟餅嚗鋡怨翰瘚鈭∠擐祇餈芸尼憭镼蹂蒂芸嗉箸頠銋撠嚗航扛芸敺憯怠虫∪憭餈伐隞交扔園撣蝳桀嗅仿踝銝血葆嗅閫摰摰格挪皜臬拚勗輯拍颱嚗餈芸尼憭镼踵渲扛芰箏嗡蜓砌蒂嗆ㄩ亙銝璆萄瑟脣抒踵祥撖砍捆迎典亙噸刻賭葉Ｙ鈭撌典之曇祆嚗憭折撅祆潮輯拍亙噸啣ㄚ典銝餃摰隤敹餈芸尼憭镼踴
甇文嚗梁擐砍桃怠荔Promotus嚗典瘝喳蝺撱箸鈭游脩戌蝺嚗銝行澆砍386撟渡憭瘝喃堆Battle of Ripa Gothica嚗銝剜鈭隡撘瑟腹憭瘝喟澆亙噸鈭粹憟批隡荔Odotheus嚗嚗瑚撌渡曉凳亙噸鈭箄暺瘚瑕撗豢鈭嗡皜貊折刻賜舐窗蝬脩窗
冽郎憡曇憭鈭斗摰雿其嚗梁擐祆撱瑁鈭蝮賜撘蝬剔純瑁拙曉側芣荔Flavius Saturninus嚗澆砍382撟103亥亙噸鈭箸迤撘蝪賜蔡鈭隞亙噸蝝嚗Gothic Treaty of 382嚗閰脫蝝敺孵寡鈭蝢擐砍喟絞餅摰蝵格芋撘
| 瘥頛 | 喟絞蝢擐砍璅∪嚗Deditio嚗 | 382撟渲羲憟批镼踴亙噸蝝嚗Foedus嚗 |
| 甇血刻蝯蝜 | 撘瑕嗉餅蝜單１嚗刻賜瑽 | 閮勗亙噸鈭箔甇血刻刻賜蝜 |
| 啗摰撅孵 | 撠餅摰蝵格澆嚗梁擐砍蝞∟ | 閮望游摰撅潸怨正鈭脤瑟航隡拚摨怠嚗敶Ｘ芣祥[1] |
| 蝔嗉瘜敺嗅漲 | 蝝亦擐祆敺擃蝟鳴踵啁鈭粹剔 | 文喟絞蝢擐砍啁嚗拍典亙噸蝧瘜[2] |
| 頠鈭敶寞 | 餅擃鋡怎楊亦擐祆迤閬頠嚗梁擐祈摰柴 | 隞交湧刻賢桐嚗Foederati嚗堆勗亙噸擐湔交柴 |
亙噸蝝蝺蝯嚗璅隤梁擐祆撱瑚誑輯亙噸鈭箝撣憓扯芣祥嚗Foederati嚗唬箔誨對鈭撌渡曉凳脩急蝛拙亙噸菜靘蝯[2]銝嗅漲菜啣刻羲憟批镼輻絞瘝餅撅曉箔璆菟撖衣典孵潘亙噸頠冽迨敺餈芸尼憭镼踹像摰镼輸典像啣蝴銝剔潭桐瘙箏抒頠鈭雿具
餈芸尼憭镼輻踵祥畾萸摰游唾
餈芸尼憭镼蹂隞亥賢冽交梁擐祆撱瑕剔剖拙僑扯箇甈嚗嗆詨雓亙冽澆摰刻擐賣銝剖頧蝘颱誑摰桀遠霅敶Ｘ摰喲脰鈭擃摨衣啁交游[1]
摰刻雿箸踵祥撌亙
刻羲憟批镼踹喃嚗梁擐祆撱瑁芸憯怠行臭銝隞亙血急胯憭蝐喳側∠摰嗆隞乩嚗瑟梢輸瘣橘Arianism嚗銝餃嚗擐賢憯怠虫∠撣瘞镼輸冽撱瑕曉澆側镼蹂甇蝯梧Nicene Orthodoxy嚗[1]蝔格蝢拙甇找撘潔蝥蝷暹迎游撘曹撣蝯望祥瘜[1]
砍380撟227伐撠典拇撠澆⊿餈芸尼憭镼選镼輻擐祉撣潭摰血怨撠澆鈭銝勗蝢拚撣鈭憛拇撠澆⊥隞扎嚗Edict of Thessalonica, Cunctos populos嚗[2]閰脫隞斗蝣箄摰嚗撣瘞敹靽∪嗚摮銝雿銝擃撠潸正鈭甇蝯望蝢抬銝血啁垢嚗撠文嗆舫輸瘣橘摰蝢拍箝蝎曄憭勗虜銋敺嚗摰雿撠撠嗆賭誑銝靽瘜敺摰嗆函脩蔑[2]甇斗隞斗舐擐砌靽瘜敺擐甈∪摰甇蝯梢脰湔亙蝢抬箄羲憟批镼輸典亦恣擐賡脰鈭踵祥芸
砍380撟1124伐餈芸尼憭镼踹刻霅琿銝銵鈭瘚拙之脣撘嚗甇撘脣亙憯怠虫[2]脣拙予嚗1126伐嚗餈芸尼憭镼蹂噶祈勗蝐喳側∠嗅振舀輸瘣曆蜓敺瑁怨脤陌荔Demophilus嚗嚗撘瑚誘嗥偷蝵脣側镼蹂靽∠[2]券剜敺嚗餈芸尼憭镼踵瑕刻撠敺瑁怨脤陌臬嗆晷蝟駁粹賣嚗撠鞎∠Ｗ券函宏鈭斤策撠潸正鈭瘣橘甇撘皜斤血急航券賜摰Ｗ嚗銝西扛芣嗆蝝朣摰潮擃抬Gregory of Nazianzus嚗亦恣擐賭蜓摨[2]砍381撟5嚗餈芸尼憭镼輸脖甇亙祇蝚砌甈∪憯怠虫∪祆霅堆甇撘蝣箇鈭撠潸正鈭靽∠唬嚗憯嗡輸瘣曉冽梢函敶梢踹[2]勗撣憛箝銝撣甇蝯曹縑隞啁銵嚗餈芸尼憭镼踵撠頠鈭憭勗拙葆靘踵祥望嚗頧箏啁瘜改敺冽喲憛鈭撠渲甈憡[1]
撣摰唾蝢敺瑕鋆雓
382撟氬亙噸蝝蝪賜蔡嚗函擐砍喟絞Ｙ移梯靽摰瘣曄潸ㄐ嚗鋡怨箔蝔桀餅撅颲勗戎蝢擐祉撣蝡嗥⊥冽啣港畾脫餅嚗鋡怨翰典敹啣葆摰寡迂銝銝凋摮具
箔瘨閫蝔桀湧踵祥敶嚗餈芸尼憭镼踵楛摨血唳靽株冪摮詨振霅啣∠蝐單舀荔Themistius嚗脰霅敶Ｘ憛砍383撟11伐蝐單舀臬典憯怠虫∪Ｙ潸”鈭蝚砍剝閰嚗Oratio XVI嚗嚗箄拙曉側芣舐瑟踹撅亥瑁亙噸蝝脰踵祥颲航風蝐單舀臬冽隤芯葉撌批啣頠鈭銝餈思敺撌脣鋆箏脣飛撏擃蝢敺猾隞鈭箝嚗Philanthropia嚗瞍隤芸恐蝔梧
- 甇血敺芾賢葆靘瘨潸蝥隞剁撣隞撠亦游頧箏雿鈭箏∟頠鈭靽銵
- 憛怨颲脩啗頠蝻箏亙噸鈭綽銝舫餌乩噩嚗舐擐砍敺抵箇喋
蝔桀頠鈭憒亙鋆箏箸扯蟡隞摰喟伐頧鈭擐賢蝎曇梢撅斤頛輯憯嚗箄羲憟批镼踵踵韐敺鈭璆萄之踵祥餈湔蝛粹
蝯隢
敺砍378撟湧踹噸摰⊥啣蝴撏拇蔑嚗啣砍380撟渲羲憟批镼輸脤憯怠虫∴啣砍382撟氬亙噸蝝蝺蝯嚗梁擐砍蝬甇瑚銝甈⊥楛餌踵祥頠鈭瑽[1]餈芸尼憭镼蹂銝冽扔嗡拍甇瑕脫隞嗡嚗撅曉箔蝢擐砍撠踵祥摰嗥甈雓曉祕銝餌儔蝎曄[2]
冽鈭斗仿蝔銝哨梁擐祉摰方剁憒輻暹鈭繚憭蝐喳側∠嚗典望餉梢摨怨踵隡舐頠嚗靽雿鈭擐賢憯怠虫∴粹皜∠剖鈭[4]餈芸尼憭镼輸典拍刻正函撣潭摰撠梢典Ｙ行殷撠舐曄掖憪唳撠瞍霈箇帘箇梢典嗥絞瘝颯典亙噸啁銝嚗隞璉鈭脩桃甇血敺拐啁伐具踵祥摰嫘頠鈭脩戌嗅漲憒亙銴畾蛛蝪賜蔡亙噸蝝嚗隞乓嚗Foederati嚗擃嗆急撟單臭撌渡曉凳望嚗銝衣箏鋆鈭仿頠鈭[2]券質扳踹惜ｇ隞隞乓憛拇撠澆⊥隞扎憯怠虫∪祆霅啁箸郎剁亦恣銝行瘣鈭血急航輸瘣曉Ｗ嚗撖衣曆摰靽∩趕銝剖蝯曹嚗銝血拍函蝐單舀舐蝎曇梢憛鈭撣蝢敺瑁店隤擃蝟[1]
嗉嚗蝔格踵祥雓乩漲撣嗆銝臬蕭閬382撟游蝝撱箇亙噸芣祥擃塚嗅刻羲憟批镼輻蝬剜鈭撣蝯曹蝛拙嚗雿靽函蝯蝜甇西餅頠嚗瘛勗餅寡鈭蝢擐砍頠鈭蝯瑽[2]嗡葉憭格刻羲憟批镼輸銝敺摨西※賣嚗∪批遣澆擃嗅抒餅靘踵箏镼輻擐砍閫擃閬蝝嚗粹典踵嚗Alaric嚗撏韏瑁文訾蝯蝯銝鈭隡蝑
撘函雿
- Ammianus Marcellinus, Res Gestae, Book XXXI Perseus Digital Library
- Stephen Williams & Gerard Friell, Theodosius: The Empire at Bay Google Books
- Socrates Scholasticus, Ecclesiastical History, Book V Christian Classics Ethereal Library
- A.H.M. Jones, J.R. Martindale, J. Morris, The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Vol. 1 Cambridge University Press / Google Books
- Noel Lenski, Failure of Empire: Valens and the Roman State in the Fourth Century A.D. University of California Press / Google Books
- Zosimus, Historia Nova, Book IV Tertullian Project
- Peter Heather, Goths and Romans 332-489 Oxford University Press / Google Books
- Philip Schaff (ed.), Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Series II, Vol. 3 Internet Archive / CCEL 隡拚摨怠憭扯踹嚗Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum嚗甇貉羲憟批镼踵[2]銝嗉圾瘙箔唳格蝯曹憿嚗餅楛餅寡鈭梯正蝢擐砍銵輸[2]
交蝝怨敺嚗餈芸尼憭镼蹂蒂芾窒嗅敺擐賢憯怠虫∴臬頠鈭憭扳祉閮剖券餈啣蝺憛拇撠澆∴Thessalonica嚗Ｗ菜曹蝯憓嚗餈芸尼憭镼踹祕賭銝蝟餃璆萄嗅渲銝瑞剛降抒撱箄輻[2]隞撣敺瘜撘瑕嗅唬蜓靘颲脫頠嚗撠勗輸菔隞仿蝵堆銝西摰芣隞仿踹萄蝴隞撘瑕嗆敶嫘嚗望潭砍萇鞈芯銝銝蝻箔閮蝺湛餈芸尼憭镼踹之貊憭瘝喳餅剖蛛砍亙噸鈭箝輯凋犖鈭綽撖阡券
嗉嚗舐梁菔餅剖菜毽蝯頠典砍380撟渡鈭斗唬葉銵函曉芣嗥寧暹亙噸鈭箸啗扳楛仿收園撣拇嚗餈芸尼憭镼輻啗冽啣港餈西圾嚗閮勗餅剖萇喳交菟嚗餈芸尼憭镼踵砌犖鋡怨翰日嚗銝血典拇撠澆∟澈[2]啣甈⊿瑕亙勗嚗蝯餈思蝙镼輻擐祉撣潭摰摨血僕嚗瘣暸瘜剖鋆撠擙嚗Bauto嚗輻曉舐對Arbogast嚗镼輸函移唾脣亙毀曉凳嚗撠亙噸Ｗ啣嗅脤瑟臬控[2]
亙噸啁Ｘ霈憭鈭斗啁亥
亙噸啁典砍378382撟湧嚗蝬甇瑚敺券Ｘ蔑啜啗詻嚗蝯韏啣擃嗅憒亙瞍霈脩[2]典砍380撟渡甇瑁鈭急敺嚗餈芸尼憭镼踵啗霅堆冽梁擐砌犖鞎⊥輯皞舐垠曉祕銝嚗喟絞蝢擐砍敺孵瘨皛⊥隞園餅啁亙歇⊥撖衣[2]甇歹隞啁交詨敺蝝蝎寧甇血嚗頧摰踵祥銵冽嗅漲舐
餈芸尼憭镼踵扔箏澆拍典亙噸鈭箏折函瘣曄頂整亙噸鞎湔恍瑟荔Modares嚗蝢擐砍嚗鋡怨羲憟批镼踵鈭撠瑕砍379撟湧嚗恍瑟舐銝舐擐祇券澆蝎曄Ⅱ蝒镼莎頞脤瑟臬亙噸鈭粹脣擛銋憭抒游嗥堆靽脫詨頛憭扯憭折鈭箄釭游隞嗉璅⊥嚗雿鋡急梁擐祆撱瑕恐單典之撟隤憭改粹踹噸摰⊥敺擐舐擐祈敹憯急除踵祥蝚西
典鈭方踵祥銵冽寥ｇ餈芸尼憭镼踹曉箸扔擃踵祥雓乓砍381撟1嚗亙噸喟絞瘣暸鋡輯拍嚗Athanaric嚗券刻賢折洛銝剛◤撘寞晷蝟餅嚗鋡怨翰瘚鈭∠擐祇餈芸尼憭镼蹂蒂芸嗉箸頠銋撠嚗航扛芸敺憯怠虫∪憭餈伐隞交扔園撣蝳桀嗅仿踝銝血葆嗅閫摰摰格挪皜臬拚勗輯拍颱嚗餈芸尼憭镼踵渲扛芰箏嗡蜓砌蒂嗆ㄩ亙銝璆萄瑟脣抒踵祥撖砍捆迎典亙噸刻賭葉Ｙ鈭撌典之曇祆嚗憭折撅祆潮輯拍亙噸啣ㄚ典銝餃摰隤敹餈芸尼憭镼踴
甇文嚗梁擐砍桃怠荔Promotus嚗典瘝喳蝺撱箸鈭游脩戌蝺嚗澆砍381386撟湧鈭隡撘瑟腹憭瘝喟澆亙噸鈭綽Greuthungi嚗憟批隡荔Odotheus嚗剁瑚撌渡曉凳亙噸鈭箄瘛梁征刻賜舐窗蝬脩窗
冽郎憡曇憭鈭斗摰雿其嚗梁擐祆撱瑁鈭蝮賜撘蝬剔純瑁拙曉側芣荔Flavius Saturninus嚗澆砍382撟103亥亙噸鈭箸迤撘蝪賜蔡鈭隞亙噸蝝嚗Gothic Treaty of 382嚗閰脫蝝敺孵寡鈭蝢擐砍喟絞餅摰蝵格芋撘
| 瘥頛 | 喟絞蝢擐砍璅∪嚗Deditio嚗 | 382撟渲羲憟批镼踴亙噸蝝嚗Foedus嚗 |
| 甇血刻蝯蝜 | 撘瑕嗉餅蝜單１嚗刻賜瑽 | 閮勗亙噸鈭箔甇血刻刻賜蝜 |
| 啗摰撅孵 | 撠餅摰蝵格澆嚗梁擐砍蝞∟ | 閮望游摰撅潸怨正鈭脤瑟航隡拚摨怠嚗敶Ｘ芣祥[1] |
| 蝔嗉瘜敺嗅漲 | 蝝亦擐祆敺擃蝟鳴踵啁鈭粹剔 | 文喟絞蝢擐砍啁嚗拍典亙噸蝧瘜[2] |
| 頠鈭敶寞 | 餅擃鋡怎楊亦擐祆迤閬頠嚗梁擐祈摰柴 | 隞交湧刻賢桐嚗Foederati嚗堆勗亙噸擐湔交柴 |
亙噸蝝蝺蝯嚗璅隤梁擐祆撱瑚誑輯亙噸鈭箝撣憓扯芣祥嚗Foederati嚗唬箔誨對鈭撌渡曉凳脩急蝛拙亙噸菜靘蝯[2]銝嗅漲菜啣刻羲憟批镼輻絞瘝餅撅曉箔璆菟撖衣典孵潘亙噸頠冽迨敺餈芸尼憭镼踹像摰镼輸典像啣蝴銝剔潭桐瘙箏抒頠鈭雿具
餈芸尼憭镼輻踵祥畾萸摰游唾
餈芸尼憭镼蹂隞亥賢冽交梁擐祆撱瑕剔剖拙僑扯箇甈嚗嗆詨雓亙冽澆摰刻擐賣銝剖頧蝘颱誑摰桀遠霅敶Ｘ摰喲脰鈭擃摨衣啁交游[1]
摰刻雿箸踵祥撌亙
刻羲憟批镼踹喃嚗梁擐祆撱瑁芸憯怠行臭銝隞亙血急胯憭蝐喳側∠摰嗆隞乩嚗瑟梢輸瘣橘Arianism嚗銝餃嚗擐賢憯怠虫∠撣瘞镼輸冽撱瑕曉澆側镼蹂甇蝯梧Nicene Orthodoxy嚗[1]蝔格蝢拙甇找撘潔蝥蝷暹迎游撘曹撣蝯望祥瘜[1]
砍380撟227伐撠典拇撠澆⊿餈芸尼憭镼選潭摰勗撣鈭憛拇撠澆⊥隞扎嚗Edict of Thessalonica, Cuntos Populos嚗[2]閰脫隞斗蝣箄摰嚗撣瘞敹靽∪嗚摮銝雿銝擃撠潸正鈭甇蝯望蝢抬銝血啁垢嚗撠文嗆舫輸瘣橘摰蝢拍箝蝎曄憭勗虜銋敺嚗摰雿撠撠嗆賭誑銝靽瘜敺摰嗆函脩蔑[2]甇斗隞斗舐擐砌靽瘜敺擐甈∪摰甇蝯梢脰湔亙蝢抬箄羲憟批镼輸典亦恣擐賡脰鈭踵祥芸
砍380撟1124伐餈芸尼憭镼踹刻霅琿銝銵鈭瘚拙之脣撘嚗甇撘脣亙憯怠虫[2]脣拙予嚗1126伐嚗餈芸尼憭镼蹂噶祈勗蝐喳側∠嗅振舀輸瘣曆蜓敺瑁怨脤陌荔Demophilus嚗嚗撘瑚誘嗥偷蝵脣側镼蹂靽∠[2]券剜敺嚗餈芸尼憭镼踵瑕刻撠敺瑁怨脤陌臬嗆晷蝟駁粹賣嚗撠鞎∠Ｗ券函宏鈭斤策撠潸正鈭瘣橘甇撘皜斤血急航券賜摰Ｗ嚗銝西扛芣嗆蝝朣摰潮擃抬Gregory of Nazianzus嚗亦恣擐賭蜓摨[2]砍381撟5嚗餈芸尼憭镼輸脖甇亙祇蝚砌甈∪憯怠虫∪祆霅堆甇撘蝣箇鈭撠潸正鈭靽∠唬嚗憯嗡輸瘣曉冽梢函敶梢踹[2]勗撣憛箝銝撣甇蝯曹縑隞啁銵嚗餈芸尼憭镼踵撠頠鈭憭勗拙葆靘踵祥望嚗頧箏啁瘜改敺冽喲憛鈭撠渲甈憡[1]
撣摰唾蝢敺瑕鋆雓
382撟氬亙噸蝝蝪賜蔡嚗函擐砍喟絞Ｙ移梯靽摰瘣曄潸ㄐ嚗鋡怨箔蝔桀餅撅颲勗戎蝢擐祉撣蝡嗥⊥冽啣港畾脫餅嚗鋡怨翰典敹啣葆摰寡迂銝銝凋摮具
箔瘨閫蝔桀湧踵祥敶嚗餈芸尼憭镼踵楛摨血唳靽株冪摮詨振霅啣∠蝐單舀荔Themistius嚗脰霅敶Ｘ憛砍383撟11伐蝐單舀臬典憯怠虫∪Ｙ潸”鈭蝚砍剝閰嚗Oratio XVI嚗嚗箄拙曉側芣舐瑟踹撅亥瑁亙噸蝝脰踵祥颲航風蝐單舀臬冽隤芯葉撌批啣頠鈭銝餈思敺撌脣鋆箏脣飛撏擃蝢敺猾隞鈭箝嚗Philanthropia嚗瞍隤芸恐蝔梧
- 甇血敺芾賢葆靘瘨潸蝥隞剁撣隞撠亦游頧箏雿鈭箏∟頠鈭靽銵
- 憛怨颲脩啗頠蝻箏亙噸鈭綽銝舫餌乩噩嚗舐擐砍敺抵箇喋
蝔桀頠鈭憒亙鋆箏箸扯蟡隞摰喟伐頧鈭擐賢蝎曇梢撅斤頛輯憯嚗箄羲憟批镼踵踵韐敺鈭璆萄之踵祥餈湔蝛粹
蝯隢
敺砍378撟湧踹噸摰⊥啣蝴撏拇蔑嚗啣砍380撟渲羲憟批镼輸脤憯怠虫∴啣砍382撟氬亙噸蝝蝺蝯嚗梁擐砍蝬甇瑚銝甈⊥楛餌踵祥頠鈭瑽[1]餈芸尼憭镼蹂銝冽扔嗡拍甇瑕脫隞嗡嚗撅曉箔蝢擐砍撠踵祥摰嗥甈雓曉祕銝餌儔蝎曄[2]
冽鈭斗仿蝔銝哨梁擐祉摰方剁憒輻暹鈭繚憭蝐喳側∠嚗典望餉梢摨怨踵隡舐頠嚗靽雿鈭擐賢憯怠虫∴粹皜∠剖鈭[4]餈芸尼憭镼輸典拍刻正函撣潭摰撠梢典Ｙ行殷撠舐曄掖憪唳撠瞍霈箇帘箇梢典嗥絞瘝颯典亙噸啁銝嚗隞璉鈭脩桃甇血敺拐啁伐具踵祥摰嫘頠鈭脩戌嗅漲憒亙銴畾蛛蝪賜蔡亙噸蝝嚗隞乓嚗Foederati嚗擃嗆急撟單臭撌渡曉凳望嚗銝衣箏鋆鈭仿頠鈭[2]券質扳踹惜ｇ隞隞乓憛拇撠澆⊥隞扎憯怠虫∪祆霅啁箸郎剁亦恣銝行瘣鈭血急航輸瘣曉Ｗ嚗撖衣曆摰靽∩趕銝剖蝯曹嚗銝血拍函蝐單舀舐蝎曇梢憛鈭撣蝢敺瑁店隤擃蝟[1]
嗉嚗蝔格踵祥雓乩漲撣嗆銝臬蕭閬382撟游蝝撱箇亙噸芣祥擃塚嗅刻羲憟批镼輻蝬剜鈭撣蝯曹蝛拙嚗雿靽函蝯蝜甇西餅頠嚗瘛勗餅寡鈭蝢擐砍頠鈭蝯瑽[2]嗡葉憭格刻羲憟批镼輸銝敺摨西※賣嚗∪批遣澆擃嗅抒餅靘踵箏镼輻擐砍閫擃閬蝝嚗粹典踵嚗Alaric嚗撏韏瑁文訾蝯蝯銝鈭隡蝑
撘函雿
- Battle of Adrianople - Grokipedia
- Theodosius I - Wikipedia
- First Council of Constantinople - Grokipedia
- Albia Dominica | Military Wiki - Fandom
- God is present in history3 - Minist矇rio Seara gape
- The Sieges of Constantinople - The Byzantium Blogger
- Theodosius the Great | History | Research Starters - EBSCO
- NPNF2-03. Theodoret, Jerome, Gennadius, & Rufinus: Historical Writings - Documenta Catholica Omnia